With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline free essay sample

Regarding models, assess the achievement or in any case of urban recovery plots in fighting the causes and results of urban decay. (40 imprints) Urban decrease can be characterized as the extreme decay of a city into sickness and dilapidation. It is typically described by expanded joblessness, elimination, deindustrialization, expanded wrongdoing and political disappointment. In addition to the fact that it causes these issues it can make the territory look ugly †therefore less individuals being allured to the region. This would then be able to prompt an endless loop. The reasons for these variables, which at last reason urban decay, can be: instructed laborers hold moving to suburbia to maintain a strategic distance from wrongdoing, poor schools, charges and racial strains. These organizations likewise find that building new offices in suburbia is a lot less expensive than restoring old structures for their requirements. There are numerous motivations to move out of the city yet just a couple of motivations to remain. We will compose a custom exposition test on Concerning models, assess the achievement or in any case of urban recovery conspires in battling the causes and results of urban decrease or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when a city or a urban zone sinks into decay, the gathering has the decision to recover the region to allure individuals once again into the region. At the point when recovery is considered with regards to ‘urban,’ it includes the resurrection or reestablishment of urban zones and settlements. Urban recovery is essentially worried about recovering urban areas and early/inward ring rural areas confronting times of decrease. The term urban recovery covers everything from making attractive homes in downtown areas to finding new uses for our formal modern heartlands. While recovering a zone the accompanying standards are almost consistently followed: coordination between different divisions, making an all encompassing vision, recovering individuals instead of a spot, making associations over all degrees of government, building open part limit and administration, and drawing in the nearby network in the arranging procedure. One approach to recover a zone is by property-drove recovery. Property-drove recovery plans include constructing or improving property in the territory to change its picture and improve the nearby condition. This was especially fruitful in the London Docklands. During the nineteenth century, London’s port was one of the busiest on the planet and stockrooms, businesses and high thickness and low quality lodging and so forth encompassed the docks. Before the finish of the 1950s, there was a critical decay with a large number of the docks forsaken and surrendered; there were additionally numerous positions lost and poor day to day environments despite everything remaining. Access to the remainder of London was poor with tight streets, which were vigorously blocked, and an absence of open vehicle was turning into a tremendous issue. While the LDDC was liable for the arranging and redevelopment of the Docklands zones, other association have likewise been engaged with the redevelopment procedure, these included: ? landowners, originators and engineers, speculators, neighborhood individuals and focal government. In docklands, financial recovery was viewed as a need and the administration felt that property designers would realize how to create land in manners that would pull in organizations. Employments would be makes, and riches, it was contended would ‘trickle down’ to less fortunate networks. It concentrated on the production of work the recovery of existing lodging stock and the making of new reasonable lodging. The administration activity likewise bolstered urban recovery: tax reductions, deregulation and furthermore working hours could be changed relying upon the business. The Environmental Regeneration? tested fruitful with a system of walker and cycle courses through the zone with access to the waterway and dock edge through waterside walkways? , formation of person on foot spans? what's more, making of new open spaces (150ha)?. There was additionally a water based Ecology Park and Londons first winged creature haven at East India Dock Basin one of 17 preservation regions set up? , planting of 200,000 trees (the territory has now gotten numerous honors for design, protection and arranging). The Economic Regeneration was likewise effective. Joblessness had tumbled from 14% to 7. 4% with a multiplying in work and quantities of organizations; there was a ‘transport revolution’ opening of the Docklands Light Railway in 1987 currently conveying 35,000 travelers every week;? ?7. 7 billion in private segment speculation? 2,700 organizations exchanging? ; major new streets including connection to the M11? ; working of the City Airport in the previous Royal Docks (500,000+ travelers a year)? ; fascination of monetary and cutting edge firms; TV studios and papers, for example, The Guardian presently have workplaces in the lofty Canary Wharf business complex.

District Nurses Work Within The Primary Health Care Team Nursing Essay

Guidelines on Choosing Argumentative Essay Samples

Guidelines on Choosing Argumentative Essay SamplesStudents looking for some great 8th grade argumentative essay samples will be pleased to learn that the Internet is full of information. All you have to do is to type in the topic area and you will find many choices available.One option for helping students pick the topics for their essay is to provide them with a word database or dictionary and also with sample sentences they can use for practice. One word database to consider is WordNet, which is the brainchild of Dr. John Venn. Other great tools include Comma (for HTML), Wordfiles (for text), and dictionaries.Another tip for choosing the topic of essay samples is to study them. Look over the selected articles and determine if they are well written. Also, you should be able to identify the best and worst aspects of the writing.These tools may come in handy as they can help you identify if the topic is appropriate. You can also use them to help narrow down the possible choices you ca n make when writing your essay. For example, if you are looking for any trends in writing, then you can check out this site. This will give you an idea of what writers do and don't like in their writing.There are many resources online that will offer a variety of writing assistance on essay samples. Some of these sites will help you get to grips with the article writing style and help you formulate a good one. Some even offer link exchange opportunities where they will give you links to the articles that they think would work for your essay.There are plenty of online essay sample guides and resources that can help you write your own essay. There are also various techniques that can help you hone in on your strengths and weaknesses and help you avoid doing the same mistake again.Looking over the essays of other writers will also help you avoid making various mistakes. The articles are all published by reputable organizations and they will come with full references and contact details . This makes it easy to get back in touch with them if there are any questions.Finally, if you want to improve your grade point average you can take these methods and apply them to other essays and subjects. Good luck with your essays!

Cyber Security And Terrorism Terrorism - 1521 Words

Hector Morales Professor Giordano POL 105 Tuesday Thursday 9:30am-10:45am October 4, 2016 Cyber Security Terrorism In the 21st century, humans continue to advance technology at an incredibly fast rate, which also indicates we become more dependent of the technology. Keep in mind, with more technology being available, new threats emergeï » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿ constantly in the cyber-world. Everyday society seems to be integrating digitally more and more, meaning the US s infrastructure may be susceptible to attacks. Little is known about America s Cyber Security defenses, if any money or such has been invested in improving our defense, so that we may have sufficient protection against such attacks. It is critical that the government and private sectors (if any) will come in a joint effort to ensure the security of our nation s infrastructure and not be susceptible to any attacks on the digital frontier. The biggest fear of many people and government agencies, however, is the threat of an actual cyber-attack. In general, the public does not know the actual meaning of cyberterrorism. Cyberterrorism is defined as â€Å"the politically motivated use of computers and information technology to cause severe disruption or widespread fear in society†. Everything is being networked, and many of our systems today are reliant on computers and computer networks. Due to these advancements it has led to the rise of hackers and viruses, constantly trying to infiltrate networks on a daily basis. ImagineShow MoreRelatedCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. 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Conversely, there are those who are not quite sure if cyber warfare is an actual threat. This will also provide an ample answer to questions such as: What is cyber warfare? And will answer the question of, what is the history of cyber warfare? And will answer the question Is there any real way to protect ourselves from a cyber attack? Cyber warfare has been around since the beginning of human creation, when the serpent told Eve to eat from theRead MoreCyber Security Is A Growing Concern For Governments Around The World1296 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Cooperation for Cyber Security Cyber Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Cyber-attacks pose a direct threat to the security of the nations’ critical infrastructures and Information Technologies (IT) as a low-cost asymmetric warfare element. Most of these nations are aware of the vulnerability of the information technologies and the significance of protecting critical infrastructures. To counteract the threat of potentially disastrous cyber-attacks, nations’ policyRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Threats Of Information System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-Terrorism and Threats to Information System National security has been top priority of the United States after World War II. This is due to the fact that the United States before this time was relatively an isolationist country with no influence in the world. As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the worldRead MoreInternational Terrorism And The Security Of The United Kingdom1665 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational terrorism represents the greatest threat to the security of the United Kingdom. It will begin by defining, within the context of this essay, what is meant by the concepts of national security, terrorism and international terrorism, and how international terrorism threatens our nation through both direct and indirect means. Throughout, it will identify a snapshot of the current gamut of security threats to the United Kingdom and a nalyse, through these threats, how international terrorism posesRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Terrorism1093 Words   |  5 PagesSolution Q. No. 2 The possible threat posed by cyber terrorism has motivated considerable alarm. Many security experts have exposed the danger of cyber terrorists hacking into government and remote computer systems and service areas of progressive economies. The possible threat is, indeed, very disturbing. So far, despite all the gloomy pre-dictions, no single example of real cyber terrorism has been recorded. This increases the question: about the threat? 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Key Themes Of Maus, Oranges And Sunshine, And Reckoning

Compare and contrast the ways that key themes and ideas have been constructed in each text to represent the life writing genre through the use of genre conventions. Maus, Oranges and Sunshine, and Reckoning are three very different books which represent the life writing genre. The key themes and ideas in the life writing genre are often to help the reader understand who the author really is and why they act that way and also to come to terms with the effects of the past as seen in Maus and Reckoning. A way in which all the books are similar is that they all have something to do with the role or influence of parents in their children’s lives. Creators of these texts and films use a variety of life writing codes and conventions such as†¦show more content†¦In Maus, point of view is told from both Art and Vladek. Vladek is coming from being a Jew living through the Holocaust, and Art is telling us his story after growing up with parents who lived through the Holocaust and how that affected his upbringing. Magda Suzanski writes from the point of view of being brought up in a strict home with a father who was an assassin and believing that she was a lesbian. Language Techniques is another code which is shown differently in all three texts. Maus uses visual language due to it being a graphic novel, Oranges and Sunshine uses film language because it is a movie, and Reckoning uses written language. Similarly, Oranges and Sunshine is visual but as it is a film it uses film language. Film language is used very effectively in Oranges and Sunshine with its audio and visual techniques. Reckoning uses written language very well with its use of dialogue as can be found on pgs. 316-320 when Szubanski’s speaking to her father about him being an assassin. Maus effectively communicates the story using visual language by using motifs all throughout the comic such as the swastika and eyes. Another prevalent technique used in Maus is the personification of the Jews as mice and the Germans as cats. The structure of the texts defines how they will be read. Maus is written in a non-linear structure because although it is a chronological story, his writing flashes back to his father’s time during and

Information Technology And Security Gaps - 1344 Words

Information technology/security gaps identified. It was noted that with the aid of an external consultant, Bank Solutions had their current data center DRBC Plan written down in the year 2007 and was last tested in the same year. The testing was a shallow table-top walkthrough with no intensive assessments to ensure dependability and compliance to industry standard security frameworks. The plan has taken long before being updated hence some elements of the plan may not be addressed wholly as purposed. With an acute increment and unprecedented growth in information technology and security systems over the years, the outdated DRBCP would prove ineffective at the face of an information security breach or a disaster. This is due to the use of outdated elements such as outdated hardware and software. One of the potentially risk-posing conditions for Bank Solutions is the fact that plan participants do not have copies of the DRBCP. Moreover, the participants have not been trained on how to use the plan, following the procedures therein and having an accurate detailed conversancy with the implementation of the plan. As the immediate arm of the organization, the plan participants team ought to be well conversant and updated with the full information contained in the plan, having received accurate sufficient training on the statutory implementation of the plan. This stands to compromise Bank Solution’s ability to recover from a disaster and get back on business continuation due toShow MoreRelatedInformation Technology And Security Gaps1357 Words   |  6 PagesInformation technology /security gaps identified It was noted that with the aid of an external consultant, Bank Solutions had their current data center DRBC Plan written down in the year 2007 and was last tested in the same year. The testing was a shallow table-top walk-through with no intensive assessments to ensure dependability and compliance to industry standard security frameworks. The plan has taken long before being updated hence some elements of the plan may not be adequately addressed asRead MoreInformation Technology And Security Gaps Of The Bank Solutions Inc.1457 Words   |  6 Pagesis no debate to clarify that information security is an important asset to any organizations regardless of its size. To be more precise, information security is much important for financial institutions like Bank solutions Inc. whose main priority is to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of assets, individuals, information and information systems. Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the information technology/security gaps of the Bank solutions Inc. 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The plan has taken longRead MoreDomestic And International Risks Associated With Terrorism And Other Criminal Activity Threats Posed For Port Maritime Operations1715 Words   |  7 PagesThere are several resources available to the port Facility Security Officer (FSO) in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations. There are also several things to keep in mind as the FSO when trying to assess these risks. The FSO needs to build rapport with all law enforcement agencies, government agencies, stakeholders and all private security entities within the port. A collaboration of efforts is important

Financial Activities are Complex in Nature †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Activities are Complex in Nature. Answer: Introduction: The article clearly projects the manner in which Uber functions and the way in which it manages the wealth. The ethical considerations are neglected and this was due to the fact that taking the ethical route will not help the company to cement its dominance in the company.The main article suggests that due to key issues like the way Uber manages its operations and wealth, it will not be feasible to make necessary ethical changes that are required to make the company more ethical. The reason behind this can be attributed to the fact that this can disrupt the companys plans to establish dominance in the industry. Wealth management was the focal point of attraction of the company. Uber being a start-up has accumulated a huge chunk of wealth and will transfer to the shareholder once it will reap huge profits (Levin, 2017). The growth of the company is strongly linked to the activities of a financial manager. Financial activities are complex in nature hence, to take care of all such activ ities the financial manager needs to function in full swing. The funds that Uber raised amounting to $11.5 billion was utilized in an effective manner by dint of the activities of the financial manager. The overall goal of Uber was to have an expansion on an aggressive basis and to compete with rivals such as Grab or Lyft (Myers, 2017). The method of wealth management is selected and followed by the financial manager. However, as per the details, it can be witnessed that the company is incurring a loss. Going by the overall fund's exposure and the management, the company is a high-risk investment and that the financial manager needs to ensure that the company will generate strong returns (Berk DeMarzo, 2013).The business model of the company is selected by the financial manager because he is entitled with the responsibility of utilizing the funds in a strong manner. The model of the business of Uber is that of expansion initially and then profits. As per the business model, it is e vident that Uber needs a lot of infrastructures and hence, cash needs to be available. The financial manager is delegated with the task and in the case of Uber, the financial manager has undertaken the task (Goulden, 2017).This implies that the allocation of funds has been done in a manner so that it can be utilized in an optimal manner. The funds are utilized considering the size of the industry and the status of the asset. The mode of raising funds is an important consideration and the same needs to be done with proper diligence. In short, the mode of funds through which the funds are raised is an important activity that is solely dependent on the financial manager.Moreover, the article even indicates that the policies of the company did not adhere to the business function because there were many activities of the company that was unethical in nature that led the company to suffer. Scandals and other misappropriation led to the degradation of goodwill. References Berk, J DeMarzo, P 2013, Corporate Finance, Pearson.Goulden, M 2017, Uber cant be ethical its business model wont allow it. viewed 17 November 2017 https://theconversation.com/uber-cant-be-ethical-its-business-model-wont-allow-it-85015Levin, S 2017, Uber's scandals, blunders and PR disasters: the full list, viewed 17 November 2017 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/18/uber-travis-kalanick-scandal-pr-disaster-timelineMyers, S 2017, Uber: The good, the bad, and the really, really ugly, viewed 17 November 2017 https://thenextweb.com/opinion/2017/04/22/uber-in-a-nutshell/

Muckrakers Essays - Journalism Genres, Investigative Journalism

Muckrakers Muckraking was a powerful journalistic force, whose supporters made it become so. Muckraking was the practice of writers and critics exposing corrupt politicians and business practices. President Theodore Roosevelt made the term muck-raker popular. He once said The man with the muck-rake, the man who could look no way but downward with the muck-rake in his hands; who was offered a celestial crown for his muckrake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake himself the filth of the floor. Some, like Roosevelt viewed methods of muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell, Ray S. Baker, Lincoln Steffens, and Upton Sinclair as these types of people. Others saw these muckraking methods as perfectly acceptable for fighting against the industrial powerhouses. Either way, these muckrakers worked hard to arouse sentiment in the hearts of the public (Reiger 1). Muckraking actually began long before the years of 1900-1902, when the muckraking movement is credited to have begun. Jesus was probably the first muckraker. Years later, Martin Luther exposed the corruptness of the Catholic Church. Also, early Abolitionist works--Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Helper's The Impending Crisis used muckraking to get a point across. However, events during the 1890s most directly paved the way for the critiques and exposures of existing conditions. This period was able to reach a limited upper class and the muckrakers were able to expand appeal to the average middle class citizen (Reiger 49-50). One reason for the outspread of muckraking was the explosion of journalism. From 1870-1909 the number of daily newspapers circulated boomed from 574 to 2,600 and the number of subscribers from 2,800,000 to 24,800,000. With this increase, newspaper owners and editors needed new bait to reel in its subscribers. The newspaper editors wanted to replace ordinary town gossip with gossip about the latest events of the city. Therefore, in newspapers they placed the most shocking events and kept the rural mind drooling for more. As newspaper circulation grew, the large newspaper depended much less on political parties and could now even challenge them. Newspapers played on the new human interest, the concern of the wealthy with the affairs of those below them, status-wise. This story of the poor became the basic outline for muckraking (Hofstadter 185-188). This new concern of the public demanded more from reporters. Reporters had to dig up expos?s and human-interest stories. However, reporters received more and more notice from the public eye. A reporter's job was becoming more and more glamorous and held the aspirations of a growing number of young. As this occurred, those of education and those of culture sought out the reporter's field (Hofstadter 189-190). As newspapers saw a radical change, magazines observed one as well. Previous magazines received limited audiences and were run by literary men. The new magazines, emerging in 1900 were run by business promoters and reached audiences ranging from 400,000 to 1,000,000. They took a turn away from literature and began writing what greatly resembled news. These magazines, many of which by accident, began producing muckraking articles. One of the most significant of these muckraking magazines was McClure's. Others included Hampton's and Pearson's. Magazines such as Cosmopolitan and Collier's produced some muckraking articles, but were not muckraking magazines in themselves (Hofstadter 190-191). McClure's magazine had already built a very reasonably sized circulation through popular fiction and historical representation. Ida Tarbell, the most popular reporter of the magazine, investigated Standard Oil originally as a way of honoring this great American business. However, Tarbell started to discover the unhappiness of the workers. She decided to research more deeply into the Standard Oil Company. Her research provided her with the story of a company whose ideas were based on primary privileges. These primary privileges allowed the company to operate under special permission, but more importantly operate immorally. This investigation was eventually printed in 1902 and is now considered the work that started the muckraking era (Reiger 121-125). Besides writing her History of the Standard Oil Company, Ida Tarbell wrote many other muckraking works. She followed the Standard Oil Company saga to write two articles on how the company affected Kansas and two articles on Rockefeller himself. Tarbell eventually left McClure's magazine because of a disagreement in business policy

Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast By Maeve Maddox Jay asks â€Å"Compare with† = contrast; What are the circumstances by which one would use contrast as the verb instead? In general use, such as in writing a compare/contrast essay, compare means find the similarities and contrast means find the differences. Definitions from the OED: compare:. trans. To speak of or represent as similar; to liken. contrast: To set in opposition in order to show strikingly their different qualities or characteristics, and compare their superiorities or defects. Compare derives from Latin comparare to liken, to compare. Contrast derives from Latin contra, against plus stare, to stand. In Middle English the word was used in the literal sense to withstand or fight against as in battle. The word fell out of use until the end of the 17th century when it was reintroduced as an art term meaning to place in such juxtaposition as to bring strongly out differences of form, colour, etc., and thus to produce a striking effect. For differences in meaning between compare to and compare with, see Compared to or Compared with. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?Quiet or Quite?

The Greatest Generation by Tom Brokaw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Greatest Generation by Tom Brokaw - Essay Example d to the call in honor and love for country; they turned down their own interest and pleasure to defeat their enemies; and they won their independence to see their nation rise up again from the pit of a devastating war that had killed millions of their loved ones and created a massive loss of their properties. These heroic deeds during the world war lead Brokaw to call their generation the â€Å"greatest generation† America has yet seen. World War II was the most damaging war in the history which started in the year 1939 about 70 years ago, and believed to have ended in 1945. Germany’s invasion of Poland without any warning sparked the beginning of the war on September 1, 1939. On the third day of September, two other countries, Britain and France joined in the conflict against Germany; and in a span of one week, four other countries, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and South Africa had also joined in the war (â€Å"A WW2 Timeline†). This global military conflict was divided into two opposing military alliances namely: the Allies composed of countries including Soviet Union, United States, and United Kingdom, and the Axis composed of Germany, Japan, Italy, and many others. World War II is the deadliest and the bloodiest war that has ever hit the world with 61 million casualties of both military and civilian. Brokaw believes that there are significant, astonishing, and memorable stories behind every tragedy -- stories of hope, of greatness, of survival that leads him to create the book â€Å"The Greatest Generation.† â€Å"The Greatest Generation† accounts stories of veteran Americans, men and women who fought during the World War 2 against two of the greatest military machines ever created in the history of mankind. They gave up their lives, offered up their honor, dignity, and courage to see their nation rise up again. The book aims to let Americans of today’s generation know how much these people have sacrificed and fought the good fight so they can attain and

T-Moblie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-Moblie - Essay Example public, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and the Slovakia– including the US Virgin Islands, US, and the Puerto Rico. On the global level, the International subsidiaries of T-Mobile possess total subscribers which are roughly 150 million in number, which makes it the twelfth-largest service provider of mobile phone in the entire world in terms of subscribers. Besides this, T-Mobile bags the rank of the third-largest multinational and stand after Spains Telefà ³nica and UKs Vodafone. T-Mobile, in the year 2010, became the segment of the agreement of joint venture with the UK mobile-network provider of France Telecom, Orange UK. These companies combined and formed the largest mobile-network operator of UK and called itself Everything Everywhere. However, even after forming the joint venture, the Orange brands and T-Mobile go on to co-exist in the markets of United Kingdom. T-Mobile complies with all the laws which are applicable to the state and federal codes of laws and regulations. The management of the company does not indulge in any activity which violates the policies of the company such as non-retaliation, non-discriminatory and non-harassment policies. The unacceptable conduct in the company constitutes of violation of company laws and policies, removal of the property of company without permission, willful or neglectful damage or defacing of the company property, dishonesty, fraud, improper record keeping and all the related activities. Any criminal conviction amongst the employees results in their termination from the company. Besides this, all the secret trade laws and other legal information are kept confidential from others except the concerned parties. The company makes the decisions in the business by giving proper consideration to the social, ethical and legal regulations. The T-Mobile makes returns to the society through the afterschool community outreach program. The company makes efforts to

Vitamin D Deficiency Among Subfertile Women: Case Study

Vitamin D Deficiency Among Subfertile Women: Case Study Abstract Objective: To compare the dietary vitamin D and calcium intake among subfertile women (cases) versus pregnant women (controls) and to determine the vitamin D levels in the subfertile and pregnant women Study design was an observational case-control study where a total of 181 (83 previously diagnosed subfertile cases from various causes and 98 pregnant controls) women of reproductive age (20-40 years old) attending the reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinics were recruited. Ethical approval was granted from the Institutional Review Board at KFMC and written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to inclusion. A validated questionnaire was used where it focused on key indicators evaluating vitamin D related factors. Blood was withdrawn for the measurement of serum calcium, albumin and phosphate to exclude secondary causes that might affect Vitamin D level. Data Analysis Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Frequencies were presented as percentages (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean  ± standard deviation. Chi-square was done to elicit differences in frequencies between cases and controls. Independent T-test was done to compare differences among continuous variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the subfertile group than controls (59.0% versus 40.4%; p < 0.01). Calcium supplements intake was significantly higher in controls than the subfertile group (64.6% versus 10.0%; p-value < 0.001). Total dietary vitamin D intake (> 400IU/day) was significantly higher in the controls than the subfertile group. Conclusions: Total dietary vitamin D intake (> 400IU/day) was found to be significantly higher in the controls than the subfertile group. Thus, dietary vitamin D intake greater than 400IU/day and calcium supplementation should be encouraged amongst subfertile women since it may improve their fertility, but this needs to be proven prospectively. Optimization of serum calcium and vitamin D levels are encouraged. Key Words: Vitamin D, infertility, calcium, supplementation, Middle Eastern Condensation Dietary vitamin D intake and calcium supplementation may improve fertility. Optimization of serum calcium and vitamin D levels are encouraged. Introduction Vitamin D deficiency phenomenon over the recent years has earned the notorious reputation of being significantly associated to a plethora of many diseases, making it a major global public health burden [1]. Evidence that vitamin D is also associated with the reproductive physiology is just recently accumulating yet limited to animal models and very few human studies [2]. Animal and human studies have suggested vitamin D role in the reproductive system where vitamin D has recently been described to modulate reproductive processes in women and men [3]. Studies have found the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes in reproductive tissues of women [3]. Additionally, low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with obesity, metabolic, and endocrine disturbances in PCOS women and vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to improve menstrual frequency and metabolic disturbances in those women [3]. Moreover, vitamin D might influence ste roidogenesis of both estradiol and progesterone in healthy women where low levels of 25(OH)D levels might be associated with infertility and high levels might be associated with endometriosis [4]. The most up to date vitamin D studies outside its conventional role of calcium homeostasis in the Middle East so far have covered most of the obesity-related diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and the full metabolic syndrome [5-9]. Despite the abundance and overflow of recent literature with respect to vitamin D role in health and disease, there are an equal overwhelming number of questions left unanswered and this probably explains the rationale to conduct more research on vitamin D, namely the reported association between vitamin D deficiency and infertility. In brief, the target effects of vitamin D on certain reproductive parameters including pregnancy, spermatogenesis, implantation and progeny have been studied in both animal and human studies [10,11,12,13], whereas folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis were only proven in animal models [11]. Studies involving humans have so far pointed the vitamin D role in the endometrial regulation [11, 12] rather than folliculogenesis [13, 14]. In the Middle East where most women of reproductive age are vitamin D deficient, follicular fluid has been observed to be reflective of vitamin D status, but does not have a role in assisted reproductive technology [15]. A recent large, prospective, cross-sectional study has shown that low serum levels of vitamin D may impair a woman's chances of conceiving through in vitro fertilization (IVF) [14]. The authors concluded that a serum vitamin D level of 20 ng/mL or more was associated with a significantly greater chance of obtaining 3 or more high-quality embryos and with successful embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy compared with lower levels [14,16]. Given the novel and emerging role of vitamin D in the field of reproductive biology, the present observational study aims to determine on a nutritional level, whether differences exist in the dietary intake of vitamin D among sub-fertile Middle-Eastern women attending in-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics versus pregnant women which was assessed by 25 (OH) D serum level. Material and Methods A total of 181 (83 previously diagnosedsubfertile cases from various causes and 98 pregnant controls) Saudi women of reproductive age (20-40 years old) attendingthe reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinics at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from August 2012 to January 2013 were recruited for this observational case-control study. Subjects requiring immediate medical attention and those with co-morbidities such as malignancies, chronic infection, chronic and cardiovascular-related diseases were excluded. Ethical approval was granted from the Institutional Review Board at KFMC and written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to inclusion. Data Collection Variables include demographics (age and weight), subfertility types and causes. In addition, dichotomous variables (yes or no) on what type of vitamin D-rich food sources were also collected as well as data on other vitamin D related factors such as sunlight exposure for at least 10 minutes a day, use of Vitamin D supplement, and intake of Vitamin D rich food. A validated questionnaire was used to capture from recruited patients. It focused on key indicators evaluating vitamin D related factors. These indicators were adopted from pre-tested patient questionnaires used in various accredited hospitals. Our questionnaire was validated bybenchmarking against similar ones in the literature targeting diverse populations and using different approaches. Initially, the questionnaire was tested on 20 patients from KFMC to determinewhether the questions were clear, understandable, and in a logical order (face validity). Besides, 2 health professionalswho had experience in clinical research were asked to criticize the content of the questionnaire (content validity). Blood was withdrawn for the measurement of serum calcium, albumin and phosphate to exclude secondary causes that might affect Vitamin D level using routine laboratory methods. Serum 25(OH)vitamin D was also assessed using Cobas e411 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). For the purpose of this study, vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)vitamin D level less than 20ng/ml [2]. Data Analysis Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Frequencies were presented as percentages (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean  ± standard deviation. Chi-square was done to elicit differences in frequencies between cases and controls. Variables exhibiting non-Gaussian distribution were logarithmically transformed prior to analysis. Independent T-test was done to compare differences among continuous variables. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was done using the grouping variable (presence or absence of subfertility) as the dependent variable and dietary vitamin D intake > 400IU/day as independent variables with obesity, sunlight exposure and skin color as co-variates. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results One hundred and eighty one patients were analyzed, 83 cases and 98 controls. There was no statistical difference between the mean age of cases ,29.5  ± 5.5 years, verses controls, 29.9  ± 5.2 (P=0.64).Vitamin D deficiency (< 20ng/ml) was observed in 48.9% of the entire cohort. Comparatively, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the subfertile group than controls (59.0% versus 40.4%; p < 0.01). On the other hand, calcium supplements intake was significantly higher in controls than the subfertile group (64.6% versus 10.0%; p-value < 0.001). The controls significantly took more vitamin D supplements than the subfertile group (p < 0.05). The rest of the comparisons were unremarkable (Table 1). Table 2 shows the percentage differences in the vitamin D dietary intake of both controls and the subfertile group. The controls had significantly higher percentage consumption of food than the subfertile group in 9 out of 14 vitamin D dietary sources included in the study (wild salmon, farmed salmon, mushrooms, egg yolk, fortified milk, fo rtified orange juice, yogurts, butter and breakfast cereals; all p-values < 0.001). Consequently, total dietary vitamin D intake > 400IU/day was significantly higher in the controls than the subfertile group (p < 0.001) (Table 2). Table 3 shows the metabolic characteristics of subjects. There was a modest, borderline significance in BMI and vitamin D status between groups, with controls being higher than the subfertile group (p-values 0.051 and 0.08, respectively). The control group also had significantly higher levels of corrected calcium (p < 0.001) while the infertile group had significantly higher levels of circulating albumin (p < 0.001) (Table 3). Comments This study addresses the possible protective effects of increased dietary vitamin D intake and calcium supplementation among Middle Eastern women that harbor infertility conditions. Previous studies in Saudi Arabia considered obesity as a major risk factor for infertility [17]. Consequently, obesity is a major risk factor for vitamin D deficiency and both abnormal metabolic states can be manipulated through dietary interventions [18]. The issue of vitamin D status correction to improve fertility status among vitamin D deficient women of reproductive age may still require rigorous investigation since randomized trials are scarce. Nevertheless, several studies can already attest that micronutrient supplementation including vitamin D improves fertility outcomes [19,20]. Furthermore, available evidence confirms present findings in the beneficial effects of vitamin D in female infertility, with favorable outcomes among women with endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome [4,22]. Calcium supplementation to improve female fertility is not a surprise since it is directly regulated by vitamin D, receptors of which are found in various reproduction tissues, and correction of levels confer positive effects in terms of follicle maturation, menstrual regularity and improvement of hyperandrogenism especially among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) [21,22]. The other equally important but less novel finding in the present study is the high vitamin D deficiency prevalent in both pregnant and sub fertile women. Vitamin D deficiency is relatively common in the Middle East in general, but more so for women because of cultural traditions and manner of clothing. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among this group ranges from 80-100% from the most recent local studies [23,24]. The modest but still insignificant difference in mean vitamin D status levels in both groups in our study could be attributed to a more vigilant behavior among pregnant women to ingest more food and vitamin supplements although comparison by prevalence clearly shows the high significant difference between the subfertile group and the control group. The authors acknowledge several limitations. Findings of the present study may only be true for women and as such a separate study should be done to reinforce if not negate the present results in non-pregnant women in comparison to subfertile women. Furthermore the case control nature of the study maybe subject to selection bias. Prospective studies are essential to determine whether vitamin D correction through dietary intervention and lifestyle modification can improve fertility among vitamin D deficient women. In conclusion, Middle-Eastern (Saudi) subfertile women have a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as compared to apparently healthy controls, and this is aggravated by their lower intake of foodrich in vitamin D and lower calcium supplementation. Dietary vitamin D intake greater than 400IU/day and calcium supplementation may improve fertility in this population, but this needs to be proven prospectively. Optimization of vitamin D and calcium status among women of reproductive age are encouraged.

The Democratic Value of Whitmans Leaves of Grass Essay -- Whitman Lea

Early reviews of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass evince an incipient awareness of the unifying and acutely democratic aspects of the poetry. An article in the November 13th, 1856, issue of the New York Daily Times describes the modest, self-published book of twelve seemingly formless poems: "As we read it again and again, and we will confess that we have returned to it often, a singular order seems to arise out of its chaotic verses" (2). The Daily Times's identification of "order" out of "chaos" in Leaves of Grass parallels America's theoretical declaration of e pluribus unum, one out of many—a uniquely democratic objective. Also manifesting the early perception of the democratic poetic in Leaves of Grass, yet focusing more on Whitman and his content, an 1856 edition of the North American Review asserts, "Walter Whitman, an American,—one of the roughs,—no sentimentalist,—no stander above men and women, or apart from them,—no more modest than immodes t,—has tried to write down here, in a sort of prose poetry, a good deal of what he has seen, felt, and guessed at in a pilgrimage of some thirty-five years" (275). Here, Whitman is seen as the archetypal American, practicing the democratic ideal of human equality. The reviewers' awareness of order out of chaos and of the ideological American attitude of equality is a written history of the problems of nineteenth-century, post-Jacksonian America, for the presence of their observations, which celebrate Whitman's democratic vision, can only suggest the absence of that vision in American politics and culture. Indeed, the language of mid-nineteenth-century reviews of Leaves of Grass reflects nostalgia for the community focus of early Jeffersonian America, a focus that was fading in a cul... ...ca's Lyric-Epic of Self and Democracy. New York: Twayne, 1992. - - - . Walt Whitman. Boston: Twayne, 1990. Remini, Robert V. The Legacy of Andrew Jackson: Essays on Democracy, Indian Removal, and Slavery. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1988. Southard, Sherry. "Whitman and Language: Great Beginnings for Great American Poetry." Mount Olive Review 4 (Spring 1990): 45-54. Warren, James Perrin. Walt Whitman's Language Experiment. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1990. Whitman, Walt. "After the Sea-Ship." Bradley and Blodgett 263. - - - . "As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life." Bradley and Blodgett 253-256. - - - . "On the Beach at Night Alone." Bradley and Blodgett 260-261. - - - . "Song for All Seas, All Ships." Bradley and Blodgett 261-262. - - - . "Preface 1855—Leaves of Grass, First Edition." Bradley and Blodgett 711-731.

First aid impotance

Here are eight reasons you should take Child CPR and First Aid: 1 . There are differences between Infant CPR and Child CPR, including: hand placement; the technique for compressions; how deep to push; the technique to give a breath. 2. Practice matters! We know from science that the retention of CPR skills is at best 6 months without review, and a change in skills complicates the issue. The American Heart Association recommends everyone should take a CPR class every two years; but f you only took Infant CPR, you haven't yet learned what to do on a child older than one. . Your toddler is mobile. This developmental fact changes a lot! Injuries are now more common. And since a toddler is still gaining a sense of balance and his head is still heavy, the majority of falls in a toddler impact the head and face. Would you know what to do? 4. First Aid is used on a weekly, if not daily, basis for most toddlers! Think of everything your toddler gets into these days. Theyre more ndependent, ex ploring their world, and testing limits.We'll discuss how to make their environment safer. Prevention is key. 5. Choking is more common. Young children, ages 1-5 are at a higher risk for choking since they are now eating new foods, and are also more likely to try to run while eating or not properly chew their food. The choke-saving skills are different for children than infants, so again that hands-on practice is important! 6. A chance to share experiences. In almost everyChild CPR and First Aid class, there are a few people who have already been to the ER with their toddler or called their pediatrician with concerns over an injury. Learn from other parents! 7. This class is for ALL caregivers. Anyone who cares for your toddler needs to have this knowledge. Nannies, grandparents, parents. 8. You'll have the skills to save a life. I saved my daughter's life. As an American Heart Association instructor, as the Program Manager for CPR and Safety at Isis, and most importantly as a paren t, I want you to have these skills, too.

Substance Abuse During The United States Essay - 1875 Words

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